Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings — from emotional highs (mania or hypomania) to deep lows (depression). These shifts can affect sleep, energy, activity levels, decision-making, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks.

While mood changes happen to everyone, bipolar episodes are intense, disruptive, and long-lasting, often requiring professional diagnosis and treatment. The disorder is manageable with the right care and support.

Types of Bipolar Disorder:

• Bipolar I Disorder: Characterized by manic episodes lasting at least 7 days or requiring hospitalization, often followed by depressive episodes.
• Bipolar II Disorder: Involves patterns of depressive and hypomanic episodes (less severe than full mania).
• Cyclothymic Disorder: Chronic, fluctuating moods with milder symptoms of hypomania and depression lasting at least 2 years.

Symptoms of Mania May Include:

• Feeling overly energetic, euphoric, or irritable
• Rapid speech or racing thoughts
• Decreased need for sleep
• Impulsive or risky behavior
• Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity

Symptoms of Depression May Include:

• Persistent sadness or hopelessness
• Loss of interest in activities
• Fatigue or low energy
• Changes in appetite or sleep patterns
• Thoughts of death or suicide

Treatment & Support:

• Mood-stabilizing medications
• Psychotherapy (CBT, interpersonal therapy)
• Psychoeducation for patient and family
• Routine and sleep regulation
• Stress management and lifestyle changes